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                 VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH EDUCATION TERMS
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                   Last updated: March 9, 2003


áp : to affix (a seal)

âm nhÕc : music

¤n ký : printed signature

¤u trî viên : kindergarten

bàng thính : to audit (class, course)

bàng thính viên : non-credit student

bác h÷c : learned man, scholar, scientist

bác sî : medical doctor

bài d¸ch : translation

bài lu§n : composition, essay, dissertation

bài thi : examination paper, examination book

bãi tr߶ng : school vacation

ban : board, committee, commission; to grant, bestow, confer

bán niên : semester

bän chánh (chính) : original (text, manuscript)

bän lßu : file copy

bän sao : copy (of original document)

bäng : borad; bulletin, notice

bäo quän : to converve

bäo v® - ðào luy®n th¥n thª (BV-ÐLTT) : physical education
 (body protection and training)

bàng thính : to audit (class, course)

b¢ng : diploma

b¢ng c¤p : degree, diploma

b¢ng Trung-H÷c : high school diploma

b¤t thÑc tñ : illiterate

bª giäng : [of a school] to conclude; [of a course] to conplete

biªt ½n : to be grateful

bình : average

bình dân giáo døc (BDGD) : mass education

b± sung : to fill [gap, vacancy]

b± túc vån hóa (BTVH) : supplementary education

bµ môn : department, section, field of specialization or endeavor

Bµ Qu¯c gia Giáo døc : Ministry of National Education

Bµ trß·ng Giáo døc : Minister of Education

Bµ Vån Hóa Giáo Døc và Thanh Niên : Ministry of
 Education and Youth

bu°ng h÷c : classroom; study room

bút toán : accounting

cá nhân : individual; to be personal

cä : all

cao h÷c : advanced studies

cån cÑ : basis, base

c¤p : degree; grade; level; to confer

có phép : excused; polite

coi thi : to proctor (at exam)

công dân : citizenship

công nghi®p : exploit, achievement; work

công nh§n : to recognize, grant

cµng hòa : republic

cµng hòa xã hµi chù nghîa : Socialist Republic

c½ khí : mechanism, machinery

c½ quan : organ, organism, agency, foundation

c½ s· : installation, organ, establishment

cøc : office, bureau, agency

Cøc Lßu træ Nhà nß¾c : Bureau of Government Records

cu¯i : end; bottom; last

cØ nhân : bachelor's (degree)

cß½ng møc : summary, outline

cha : father

chánh chü khäo : chairman of examination board

chào thân ái : fraternally yours

ch¤m : to correct, grade (papers bài)

ch¤m thi : to serve on a examination board

ch¤p : to hold; to approve

châu thành : city

chi c¤p : to provide, allot, grant

ch² : place, spot, seat

ch² · : residence, address

ch¶ ðþi : to wait for

chü khäo : chairman of examination board, head examiner

chü nhi®m : person responsible for something; director, editor

chü sñ : chief of a bureau

chæ ký : signature

chæa : to correct, grade [papers bài]

chuyên nghi®p : specialist, professional

chÑng b®nh h÷c : symptomatology

chÑng c¾ : evidence, proof, witness

chÑng chï : certificate

chÑng khoán : certificate

chÑng nh§n : to certify, to attest

chÑng phiªu : certificate

chÑng th§t : to certify

chÑng thñc : to certify, prove

chß½ng trình : program, plan, project

chß½ng trình giáo døc : curriculum, program of studies

chß½ng trình trung h÷c : high school curriculum

chß½ng trình Anh-vån : the English program

chß·ng khª : notary

danh bµ : roll

danh hi®u : name, appellation

danh sách : name list, roll, roster

dÕy bäo : to educate, teach, instruct

dÕy h÷c : to teach (school)

dân chü : democracy

di­n thuyªt : give a lecture, make a speech

d¸ tài : extraordinary talent

d¸ch bän : translation

d¸ch giä : translator

du h÷c : overseas student, to study abroad

du h÷c sinh : overseas student

dñ thí : to take an examination

dñ thính : to attend [lecture]

dß¾i : below, under, beneath

ðÕc bi®t : to be characteristic, typical, special

ðÕi ðång khoa : success at examination

ðÕi h÷c : (vi®n) university, college; higher education

ðÕi h÷c ð߶ng : university, faculty

ðÕi h÷c khoa trß·ng : Dean (in a university)

ÐÕi h÷c Quân sñ : Military Acedemy, War College

ÐÕi h÷c Sß phÕm : College of Education

ðÕi s¯ h÷c : algebra (subject)

ðào lý : students, disciples

ðào tÕo (ÐT) : training

ðÕo ðÑc : virtue, morality, goodness

ðÕt : to reach, realize

ð¡c khóa : special examination

ð£c bi®t : to be characteristic, typical, special

ðång khoa : to pass the examination

ð¥u ð« : examination question; subject [of exam]

ð§u : [of candidate] to pass an examination

ð« møc : title, subject

ð« ngh¸ : to suggest

ð« thi : examination question

ð® nh¤t : first

ðê nhÑt : first

ð® nh¸ : second

ð® tam : third

ð® tÑ : fourth

ð® th¤t : seventh

ðªn : to arrive (at), come (to), at, to, up to,
 until, about

ði thi : to take an exam

ð¸a : geography

ð¸a chi : address

ð¸a lý : geography

ði¬m : grades, marks, points (in school)

ði¬m s¯ : grade

ði«u ki®n : condition [circumstance or requirement]

ði«u ki®n b¡t buµc : prerequisite

ði«u ki®n t¯i thi¬u : minimum requirements

ðoàn kªt : to unite; unity, union

ð¯i chiªu : to compare, contrast [two entities]

ðóng d¤u : stamp, seal

ð° : scholar, student in Sino-Vietnamese classics, disciple

ðµc l§p : independence

ð°ng ý : to agree [v¾i 'with']

ðµng v§t h÷c : zoology

ð½n : application, application form

ðúng : to be exact, correct, precise

ðúp : to repeat a grade in school

ðÑc : virtue

ðÑc døc : moral education, ethical instruction

ðßþc lên l¾p : to be moved up

ðß½ng sñ : interested party; person concerned

ð߶ng : road, street

ghi chú : to note, annotate, explain, mark

giä mÕo : to forge, fake, counterfeit

giäi nguyên : valedictorian

giám h÷c : vice-principal [of high school]

giang-nghi®m-viên : instructor

giäng ð« : topic, subject [of lecture]

giäng khoa : subject, course of study

giäng nghi®m trß·ng : head instructor

giäng nghi®m viên : assistant [in laboratory, university]

giäng-sß : assistant professor

giäng-viên : lecturer

giám d¯c : director, supervisor

giám h÷c : vice-principal [of high school]

giám khäo : examiner

giám th¸ : proctor; supervisor, superintendent

giáo døc : education

giáo døc cån bän : fundamental education

giáo h÷c : teacher; schoolmaster

giáo hu¤n : to teach, educate, reeducate,
 indoctrinate, brainwash

giáo khoa : subject [of study]

giáo sinh : student teacher; student [of normal school]

giáo-sß : professor; (high school) teacher

giáo-sß di­n-giäng : associate professor

giáo sß trung h÷c : high school teacher

giáo viên : (primary school) teacher

gi¤y : paper

gi¤y chÑng chï (nh§n) : certificate

gi¤y chÑng nh§n sÑc khöe : health certificate

gi¤ phép : permit (document)

giöi v« khoa-h÷c : good in sciences

giúp ðÞ : help for

hÕng : category, kind, rank, class

hÕnh ki¬m : behavior, conduct

hÕnh phúc : happiness

hành chánh : administration

h® : system

h® s¯ : weight [of subject in exam]

h® b± túc : supplemental system

hªt : finish, complete, end

hi®n nay : at present, now, at the present time

hi®n tÕi : present; at (the) present (time)

hi®p : to unite, come together

hi®u trß·ng : high school principal, primary school
 principal, headmaster, university president

h÷ : family name

hoÕt ðµng ngoÕi khóa trình: extra-curricular activities

hóa h÷c : chemistry

hòa bình : peace

h÷c bÕ : student file, school record, report card

h÷c b±ng : scholarship (award) [c¤p to grant, ðßþc to obtain]

h÷c giöi : to be smart or do well in school

h÷c kÏ : term, session, semester

h÷c lñc : ability [of student], level

h÷c niên : school year, academic year

h÷c phí : tuition fees, school fees

h÷c quan : educational authorities, education official

h÷c sî : Master of Arts or Science

h÷c sinh : student [primary and high schools]

h÷c thu§t : learning

h÷c thuµc : to study medicine

h÷c thuyªt : theory

h÷c thÑc : education, learning

h÷c trò : student, schoolboy, pupil

h÷c v¤n : learning, education

h÷c v¸ : academic title, degree

h÷c vi®n : school, institute

h÷c vø : educational affairs

höi thi : to give an oral exam

höng thi : to fail, flunk

h° s½ : file, record

hµi ð°ng : council, meeting

hµi ð°ng môn : alumni association

hµi ngh¸ giáo døc : educational conference

Hµi Phø huynh H÷c sinh : Parents and Teachers Association

hu¤n luy®n : to train

huy®n : district, sub-prefecture

huÏnh : variant of hoàng, the family name

hß½ng c¯ng : Master's degree

hß½ng thí : regional examination

hß¾ng dçn : to guide, to conduct, to direct, to lead

kªt quä : result, outcome

ki¬m h÷c : primary school inspector

ki¬m nh§n : to endorse

ki¬m soát : to control

ki¬m tra : to interrogate

kiªn thiªt : to build (up), rebuild, construct,
 be constructive

kiªn thÑc : knowledge, learning

kiªn thúc : architecture

kiªn vån : knowledge, learning

kinh vi®n : scholastic

kính : to respect, honor

ký : signature

ký nh§n : to acknowledge [receipt]; make out receipt

ký tên : to sign

ký túc xá : boarding school, dormatory

kÏ : term

kÏ thi : examination

kÖ hà : geometry

kÖ lu§t : discipline

kÛ sß : engineer

khá : rather good

khai giäng : [of a school] to open; [of a course] to begin

khai tr߶ng : first day of school

khäo : to do research; to examine, test [students]

khäo c± : to study archeology

khäo hÕch : examination [for school, law-court]

khäo thí : to examine | exam(ination)

kh¦u thuyªt : oral presentation

khen : to praise, congratulate, commend

khí ðµng h÷c : aerodynamics

khí tßþng h÷c : meteorology

khoa : subject of study, specialty; classifier for exams,
 course, curriculum

khoa cØ : civil service examination

khoa h÷c : science

khoa-trß·ng : dean (of college, faculty)

khóa : school year, academic year, term

khóa bän : textbook

khóa hè : summer session

khóa h÷c : course

khóa trình : curriculum, course of study

khuyên : mark with a circle [good points in
 examination paper]

khuyªn h÷c : to encourage learning

lÕi : to do over; again, still, also

làm bài : to do your homework

làng : village, commune

lao ðµng : to work, toil; worker

l­ mãn khóa : graduation ceremony

l¸ch sñ : history

loÕi : category, sort, kind

lòng thành : sincerity, honesty

l¾p : class, grade, rank

l¾p h÷c : course

l¾p tu nghi®p : refresher course, seminar, workshop

lu§n án : dissertation, thesis [for a degree]

lu§n ð« : thesis, topic, theme

lu§n lý h÷c : logic [as a science]

lu§n vån : essay, dissertation

lu§t h÷c : law studies

lu§t khoa : law [subject of study]

lßþc khäo : outline [study]

lßu træ : to keep, preserve [archives]

lý : law

lý hóa : physics and chemistry

lý thuyªt : theory; theoretical

mçu giáo : nursery, kindergarten

mçu hi®u : Alma Mater

m© : mother

mi­n : exempt

mong : to expect, await, hope

môn : field or subject of study

mÛ ngh® : fine arts

mÛ thu§t : fine arts, art, esthetics

nam : male

nåm thÑ nh¤t : first year

nång : ability

nång lñc : ability

niên giám : yearbook

niên h÷c : school year, academic year

niên khóa : school year, fiscal year

nµi dung : contents [of speech, document]

nµi khoa : internal medicine

nông h÷c : agriculture, agronomy

n¯t : grade, [student's] mark

n½i : place, location

n¾i sinh : place of birth

næ : female

næ h÷c ð߶ng : girls' school

næ h÷c sinh : schoolgirl

næ sinh : schoolgirl

næ sinh viên : girl student, coed [university]

næ thí sinh : girl candidate, girl student [at exam],
 female examinee

ngành : level [of educational system]

ngành ðÕi h÷c : higher education, tertiary education

ngày nghï : holiday, day off; absence

ngày sinh : date of birth

nghè : holder of doctor's degree in Sino-Vietnamese
 classics

ngh« nghi®p : calling, trade, occupation, vocation

nghiên cÑu : to do research, study, investigate

nghîa : sense, meaning; justice

nghîa thøc : public school

nghi®p : trade, occupation, profession

ngoÕi ngæ : foreign language

nguyên : the person in question

nguyên tØ v§t lý h÷c : nuclear physics

ngø : to live, to reside, to dwell

ngæ h÷c, ngôn ngæ h÷c : linguistics

ngæ pháp : grammar

nha : office

nha khäo thí : examination office

nha t±ng giám d¯c : office of the dictrict supervisor

nhà nß¾c : the government, state, administration

nhà tr߶ng : the school

nhân loÕi h÷c : anthropology

nh§n : to receive, accept, acknowledge

nh§n thñc : to certify, attest

nh§n xét : to examine; to observe; to notice

nh¤t thiªt : altogether, absolutely

nhi khoa : pediatrics

nh¸ : second; two

nhßng : but, yet

phách : upper part of exam paper bearing name of examinee

phÕm : model, norm

phân khoa : faculty, college, school [within university]

ph¥n : part, portion, share

pháp h÷c : law studies

Pháp vån : French [written language]

phê chu¦n : to approve, ratify

phiên d¸ch viên : translator

phó : assistant, vice-, deputy

phó bän : duplicate copy

phó bäng : second best examinee

phòng : office; room, chamber, hall

phòng h÷c : classroom, study room

phòng thí nghi®m : laboratory

ph± thông : general, universal, popular

phø giáo : assistant [in university], instructor

phø huynh : father and elder brother

phø khäo : assistant, instructor [in university]

phúc khäo : second examination

phß½ng : direction; method, way, means

quân sß : advisor

qu§n : county, district

qu§n trß·ng : district chief, county chief, prefect

quê quán : native village or country

qui ð¸nh : to provide, stipulate

qu¯c gia (QG) : national

quy ð¸nh : to provide, stipulate

quyªt ð¸nh : to decide; decision

rành : master [a subject]; to be clear

r¢ng : to say (as follows), to say that

rõ : to be clear, distinct

sao lÕi : to copy; to transcribe

sách [CL cu¯n, quey¬n] : book

sách giáo khoa : textbook

sách v· : books (and notebooks)

san : review, journal

sanh : see sinh

sau ðây : below, as follows

sát hÕch : to examine [students]

s¡c phøc ðÕi h÷c : cap and gown, academic attire

siêu ngæ h÷c : metalinguistics

sinh : student; to be born

sinh lý h÷c : physiology

sinh ngæ : modern language

sinh v§t h÷c : biology

sinh viên : university student

soa xét : to examine, study, investigate

s¯ : figure, digit, number

s¯ h÷c : arithmetic

s¯ ký danh : registration number

s½ h÷c : elementary education

s½ khäo : preliminary examination

s· giáo døc : Bureau of Education

sß ð® : teacher and student [relationship]

sß phÕm : pedagogy

sØ døng : to employ, use

sØ ð¸a : history and geography

sØ h÷c : history (subject)

sØa chæa : to make improvements; to make repairs

sÑc h÷c : ability [of a student]; educational background

sÑc khöe : health

sñ : affair, event, matter, business

tái c¤p : to renew [scholarship]

tài khóa : fiscal year

tài nång : talent

tÕi : to be at, to be in

tÕi chÑc : to be in office

tâm lý h÷c : psychology [the science]

tân h÷c : modern (western) education [as opposed
 to traditional education cñu h÷c]

tân khoa : new graduate

t¥n t¾i : to make progress [in study]

tÕp chí : review, magazine, journal

t¤t nghi®p : to graduate

tên : first name

tiên sinh : teacher

ti«n tiªn : advanced

ti¬u h÷c : elementary (education), primary (education)

tïnh : province (as administrative unit); city

tïnh trß·ng : province chief, province governor

tòa : official seat, government bureau, court of law

tòa vi®n-trß·ng : Rectorate (of university)

toán h÷c : mathematics

toán h÷c cao c¤p : higher mathematics

toán h÷c s½ c¤p : elementary mathematics

toán h÷c thu¥n túy : pure mathematics

toán h÷c Ñng døng : applied mathematics

toàn : all

toàn ph¥n : [of baccalaureate] complete

t± chÑc : to organize; organization

t¯t : good

t¯t nghi®p : to graduate

TNPT (?t¯t nghi®p ph± thông?) : General Graduation (?)

t±ng : district, canton

t±ng cµng : grand total

t±ng hþp : to unite

t±ng s¯ : grand total

t±ng trß·ng : minister, secretary

TPHCM (thành ph¯ Hô Chí Minh) : Ho Chi Minh city

tu nghi®p : in-service training

tú tài : baccalauraete, high school diploma, degree,
 matriculation; scholastic degree similar to a bachelor's degree

tùng h÷c : to study

tß ch¤t : character, aptitude

tß th¤t : private residence

tß thøc : private school

t× ði¬n : dictionary

tØ ngæ : dead language

tñ dÕng : handwriting

tñ do : freedom

tñ h÷c : self-taught; to study by oneself

tñ mçu : alphabet

tñ nghîa h÷c : semantics

tñ v¸ : dictionary

tñ vøng : vocabulary, glossary, lexicon

tß·ng løc : certificate of recognition

tñu h÷c : first day of school

tñu tr߶ng : first day of school, beginning of school year

tß·ng-løc : certificate of recognition

ty : bureau, office, division, service

TP (thành ph¯) : city; town

thanh niên : youth

thäo án : draft, rough draft

thay thª : to replace, substitute

thày h÷c : teacher

thày trò : teacher and student

th¥n h÷c : theology

th¤u ðáo : [of knowledge] to be thorough

th¤t lÕc : to get lost, be misplaced

th§t : to be real, true, genuine

th¥y giáo : teacher, instructor

th¥y thông : interpreter

THCS : Trung H÷c C½ S·

theo : to follow [person, method,example];
 following; in accordance with; to conform to

theo h÷c : to take a course (of study)

thë sinh viên : (university) student ID

th¬ døc : physical education

th¬ l® : rules and regulations

thi : to take an examination

thi ð§u : to pass an examination

thi ðua : to emulate

thi d² : to pass an examination

thi höng : to fail, flunk

thi lên l¾p : final exam [at end of a year of study]

thi løc cá nguy®t : semester exam

thi nh§p h÷c : entrance examination

thi ra : final examination [for graduation]

thi r¾t : to fail, flunk

thi t¯t nghi®p : final examination [for graduation]

thi trßþt : to fail, flunk

thi vån : literature

thi v¤n ðáp : oral examination

thi viªt : written examination

thí nghi®m : test solution of an equation; to experiment

thí sinh : candidate [in exam]

th¸ : city; family, clan; middle name for women

th¸ thñc : to certify, notarize

th¸ xã : municipality

thiªu sinh : young student

thông d¸ch : to translate

thông d¸ch vien : translator

thông d¸ch xã : translation service

thông ngôn : interpreter

th¶i khóa bi¬u : class schedule

th¶i tiªt h÷c : climatology

thu§n : to consent, agree

thu§t ngæ : technical language, jargon

thuª trß¾c bÕ : registration fees

thü khoa : valedictorian

thü ngæ : sign language

thü thß : librarian

thø giáo : to receive instruction

thøc : village school

thß cøc : bookstore

thß diªm : bookstore

thß ký : secretary; clerk

thß møc : book catalog

thß phòng : study room

thß sinh : student

thß t¸ch : bibliography

thß trai : study room

thß vi®n : library

thß vi®n h÷c : library science

thÑ nh¤t : first

thß¾c : meter

thß¾c ðo góc : protractor

th߶ng : ordinary, customary, usual, neither good nor bad

th߶ng thÑc : general knowledge

th߶ng xuyên : to be permanent, regular

thñc : village school

thñc nghi®m : emperical

thñc t§p : practical training

thñc v§t h÷c : botany

th߶ng thÑc : general knowledge

trÕng : holder of doctor's degree; master, expert

trÕng nguyên : first doctoral candidate [under old system]

tránh : to avoid, dodge

tr­ : to be late

triªt hoc : philosophy [the study]

trình :
 to show,
 to produce (ticket, etc); to sumbit (proposal,
 etc); to report

trình ðµ : degree, level, standard

trò : young student

trò em : young pupil, schoolboy, schoolgirl

trong khi : while

trung bình : average

trung h÷c : secondary education

trung l§p : to be neutral

trung tâm : center

trung tâm hu¤n luy®n : training center

trung tâm hu¤n luy®n tài xª : driver's training center

trung tâm thông tin : information center

trúng tü : [of examinê, student] to be asked the
 only question one has studied for

trúng tuy¬n : to pass the examination

trß¾c ðây : before

trß¾c m£t : in the presence of

tr߶ng bán công : semi-public school

tr߶ng công : public school

tr߶ng ðÕi h÷c : university, college

tr߶ng h÷c : school

tr߶ng lu§t : law school

tr߶ng nhà nß¾c : public school

tr߶ng ¯c : school building

tr߶ng qui : examination rules; school regulations

Tr߶ng Qu¯c gia Sß phÕm : National Normal School

tr߶ng s· : school building, school site

tr߶ng ti¬u h÷c : elementary school

tr߶ng tß : private school

tr߶ng thu¯c : medical school

tr߶ng trung h÷c : high school, secondary school

tr߶ng trung h÷c t±ng hþp : united secondary school

trß·ng : head; chief

trßþt : to fail, flunk [examination]

UBND (üy ban nhân dân) : People's Committee

üy ban nhân dân : People's Committee

uyên thâm : [of learning] to be profound

Ñng thí : to take an examination

ßu : A [school grade], excellent

ßu sinh h÷c : eugenics

vào s° : to register

van ngh® : arts and letters

vÕn v§t h÷c : natural sciences

vån : literature, letters

vån b¢ng : diploma; evidence, proof

vån hóa : culture; education; schooling

vån khoa : liberal arts, letters

vån phÕm : grammar

vån pháp : syntax

vån tñ : writing, spelling, orthography

v¤n : to ask

v§t lý h÷c : physics

vi b¢ng : evidence, certificate

vi ngæ h÷c : microlinguistics

vi®c : work, task; thing, matter, job, affair

vi®n-trß·ng : rector, president (of university)

võ b¸ : militart training

võ khoa : military science

v· : notebook

v¾i ði«u ki®n là : on condition that

xã : village, commune

xã hµi chü nghîa : socialist

xác : authenticated, exact, precise

xác nh§n : to acknowledge, affirm, confirm

xác su¤t : probability [math]

xem xét : to examine, consider, inspect

xªp : to arrange, put in order

xªp hàng : to stay in line, stand in line, queue up

xin : to ask for; request

xin phép : [of student] to send in your excuse

xong : to finish

xong chuy®n : to be all over

xß¾ng danh : to call the roll

yêu c¥u : to ask, request, desire, solicit

yªu : weak

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            Glossary compiled by Daniel D. Dean
          (some words are no longer in common use)
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                    Vietnamese alphabet
a å â b c ch d ð e ê g gi h i k kh l m n ng
nh o ô ½ ph q r s t th tr u ß v x y
Tone marks in this glossary in following order --- a á à ä ã Õ
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